Sanitation and disinfection are terms often used interchangeably when discussing cleaning. Whilst they sound similar, they are actually two different processes with important differences.

Defining sanitation and disinfection

Sanitation is the process of cleaning and disinfecting surfaces and objects to remove dirt, stains and bacteria. It is a process that aims to maintain a certain level of cleanliness in a particular area, whether it is a home or a commercial office.

Disinfection, on the other hand, is the process of reducing the number of bacteria, viruses and other microorganisms on a particular surface or object to a specific safe level by trained professionals. This is usually achieved through the use of specialised chemicals and techniques. Disinfection is commonly used in food manufacturing, processing and serving as well as healthcare facilities to ensure that surfaces and equipment are safe from harmful pathogens.

Specialist companies like offer sanitation and disinfection services. Home and office cleaning tends to focus more on hygiene to maintain a healthy environment in the home.

The Important Role of Hygiene

Keeping clean and hygienic needs to be a priority, both at home and in the office. A clean space is not only more aesthetically pleasing but also more comfortable. In addition, maintaining hygiene helps prevent the spread of common harmful bacteria and viruses, which is especially important in public environments such as the workplace.

There is also a cost-benefit aspect to good hygiene. Sickness absence affects colleagues, their progress against project milestones and deadlines, and often the consistency of project leadership.

Process differences between hygiene and sterilisation

Hygiene is a broad term that refers to maintaining a clean and safe environment. The process includes the removal of dirt, dust, and other visible particles, as well as the reduction or elimination of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi.

Disinfection involves multiple steps. The first step in the sanitation process is to identify areas that need to be cleaned. This may include floors, walls, ceilings, equipment and utensils. It is vital that basic hygiene is completed first, i.e. removing any visible dirt or debris from these areas before applying any disinfectant.

The next step is to choose a disinfectant. There are many types of disinfectants available, including chlorine, hydrogen peroxide and quaternary ammonium compounds. The choice of disinfectant depends on the surface being disinfected and the type of microorganisms that need to be eliminated.

Once the disinfectant has been chosen, it can be applied to the surface. This can be done by spraying or wiping the surface with the reagent. It is important to follow the instructions for the disinfectant to ensure that it is applied correctly and at the right concentration. After applying the disinfectant, it is important to allow it to remain on the surface for the specified amount of time.

The final step is to verify effectiveness using microbiological tests. In some cases, disinfection must be repeated to achieve measurable and acceptable results.

Disinfection in Different Environments

In the food industry, strict measures for disinfection treatment are required. Food processing plants and restaurants follow specific inspection guidelines. Employees must receive proper hygiene training.

Hospitals, clinics and other healthcare facilities need to maintain a high level of disinfection treatment. In these environments, disinfection of equipment and surfaces, hand hygiene and the use of personal protective equipment are essential practices.

At home, sanitation is usually adequate but should be strengthened during flu season. As with home hygiene, travelling requires greater attention to personal hygiene.